A spokesman for P&G stated it had been paying the VAT proactively and owed no back taxes. In May 2009, the Court of Appeal reversed the earlier decision. This ruling, against a United Kingdom value added tax (VAT) and Duties Tribunal decision to the contrary, exempted Pringles from the then 17.5% VAT for potato crisps and potato-derived snacks. In July 2008, in the London High Court, P&G lawyers successfully argued that Pringles were not crisps even though labelled "Potato Crisps" on the container (in Britain what are known as "chips" in the US are known as "crisps") as the potato content was only 42% and their shape, P&G stated, "is not found in nature". Faced with such a lengthy and unpalatable appellation, Pringles eventually renamed their product potato "crisps", instead of chips. The US Food and Drug Administration weighed in on the matter, and in 1975 they ruled Pringles could only use the word "chip" in their product name within the phrase: "potato chips made from dried potatoes". The product was originally known as Pringles Newfangled Potato Chips, but other snack manufacturers objected, saying Pringles failed to meet the definition of a potato "chip" since they were made from a potato-based dough rather than being sliced from potatoes like "real" potato chips. Another source says that the name Pringles was "chosen out of a hat" to promote a family name appeal. Another theory says that P&G chose the Pringles name from a Cincinnati telephone book. Another theory suggests that two Procter advertising employees lived on Pringle Drive in Finneytown (north of Cincinnati, Ohio), and the name paired well with "potato chips".
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Pringle's work was cited by P&G in filing their own patent for improving the taste of dehydrated processed potatoes. One theory refers to Mark Pringle, who filed a US Patent 2,286,644 titled "Method and Apparatus for Processing Potatoes" on March 5, 1937. There are several theories behind the origin of the product's name. By 1975, they were available across most of the US, and by 1991 were distributed internationally. P&G began selling Pringles in Indiana in 1968. Gene Wolfe, a mechanical engineer and author known for science fiction and fantasy novels, helped develop the machine that cooks them. Although Baur designed the shape of the Pringles chip, Liepa's name is on the patent. In the mid-1960s another P&G researcher, Alexander Liepa of Montgomery, Ohio, restarted Baur's work and succeeded in improving the taste.
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However, Baur could not figure out how to make the chips palatable, and was pulled off the task to work on another brand. The saddle-shape of Pringles chips is mathematically known as a hyperbolic paraboloid. Baur spent 2 years developing saddle-shaped chips from fried dough, and selected a tubular can as the chips' container. Baur (1918-2008): to develop a new kind of potato chips to address consumer complaints about broken, greasy, and stale chips, as well as air in the bags.
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In 1956, Procter & Gamble assigned a task to chemist Fredric J.